Low Back Pain
Low Back Pain (LBP) is a common condition affecting millions globally, impacting daily activities and quality of life. It may result from various causes, ranging from simple muscle strain to complex spinal pathologies.
Acute LBP is often mechanical in origin, caused by poor posture, heavy lifting, or sudden movements. Chronic LBP, lasting over 12 weeks, may be associated with degenerative changes like intervertebral disc herniation, spondylosis, or conditions like spinal stenosis. In some cases, systemic issues such as infections, tumors, or inflammatory diseases like ankylosing spondylitis may be underlying causes.
Symptoms typically include pain localized to the lower back, with or without radiation to the legs. Neurological involvement, like numbness or weakness, may indicate nerve root compression, requiring prompt evaluation.
Diagnosis involves a thorough history, physical examination, and imaging studies like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans when indicated. Management includes a combination of rest, physiotherapy, medications like NSAIDs, and lifestyle modifications. For persistent or severe cases, interventions such as epidural injections or surgery may be necessary.
Preventing LBP emphasizes core strengthening, maintaining a healthy weight, ergonomic adjustments, and regular physical activity. Early intervention and patient education are crucial to minimizing recurrence and improving outcomes.
