Frozen Shoulder
Frozen Shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is a condition characterized by stiffness, pain, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. It occurs when the capsule of connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint thickens and tightens, restricting movement. The condition often progresses through three stages: freezing (painful stage), where shoulder movement becomes increasingly painful; frozen (stiff stage), marked by significant restriction of motion; and thawing (recovery stage), during which the range of motion gradually improves.
Common risk factors include diabetes, thyroid disorders, prolonged shoulder immobility (e.g., post-surgery or injury), and certain systemic diseases. It typically affects people between the ages of 40 and 60, with women more commonly affected than men.
Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supplemented by imaging like X-rays or MRI to rule out other conditions such as rotator cuff tears or arthritis.
Treatment focuses on pain relief and restoring motion. Conservative measures include physical therapy, NSAIDs, corticosteroid injections, and sometimes joint distension. In refractory cases, surgical interventions like capsular release may be needed.
Prognosis is generally good, with most patients experiencing significant improvement within 12–24 months, although residual stiffness may persist in some cases. Early intervention and adherence to therapy are key to better outcomes.
